Lawrence Scott refused to tell citizens where he stands on any of the issues addressed in the 2012 Political Courage Test, despite repeated requests from Vote Smart, national media, and prominent political leaders.
For Presidential and Congressional candidates who refuse to provide voters with their positions, Vote Smart has researched their public records to determine their likely responses. These issue positions are from 2012.
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding abortion.
a) Abortions should always be illegal. | |||
b) Abortions should always be legal. | |||
X | c) Abortions should be legal only within the first trimester of pregnancy. | ||
X | d) Abortions should be legal when the pregnancy resulted from incest or rape. | ||
X | e) Abortions should be legal when the life of the woman is endangered. | ||
f) Prohibit public funding of abortions and to organizations that advocate or perform abortions. | |||
g) Other or expanded principles |
Using the key, indicate what federal funding levels you support for the following general categories. Select one number per category, you can use a number more than once.Budget Priorities
Maintain Status | a) Agriculture | ||
Slightly Increase | b) Arts | ||
Slightly Decrease | c) Defense | ||
Greatly Increase | d) Education | ||
Greatly Increase | e) Environment | ||
Greatly Decrease | f) Homeland security | ||
Slightly Increase | g) International aid | ||
Maintain Status | h) Law enforcement | ||
Maintain Status | i) Medical research | ||
Slightly Increase | j) National parks | ||
Greatly Increase | k) Public health services | ||
Greatly Increase | l) Scientific research | ||
Slightly Increase | m) Space exploration programs | ||
Slightly Increase | n) Transportation and highway infrastructure | ||
Maintain Status | o) Welfare | ||
Maintain Status | p) Emergency preparedness | ||
Greatly increase Greenhouse Gas emission reduction programs and carbon sequestration technology. |
Defense Spending
Maintain Status | a) Armed forces personnel training | ||
Maintain Status | b) Intelligence operations | ||
Slightly Decrease | c) Military hardware | ||
Slightly Decrease | d) Modernization of weaponry and equipment | ||
Greatly Decrease | e) National missile defense | ||
Slightly Increase | f) Pay for active duty personnel | ||
Maintain Status | g) Programs to improve troop retention rates | ||
Slightly Decrease | h) Research and development of new weapons | ||
Maintain Status | i) Troop and equipment readiness | ||
Greatly Increase: Teach Geneva Convention Requirements as "The Law" |
Using the key above, indicate what federal tax levels you support for the following general categories. Select one number per category.TaxesIncome Taxes:Family IncomeRetiree IncomeOther Taxes:Deductions/Credits:
a) Less than $25,000 | |||
b) $25,000-$75,000 | |||
c) $75,000-$150,000 | |||
d) Over $150,000 | |||
e) Other or expanded categories | |||
f) Over $40,000 | |||
g) Other or expanded categories | |||
a) Alcohol taxes | |||
b) Capital gains taxes | |||
c) Cigarette taxes | |||
d) Corporate taxes | |||
e) Gasoline taxes | |||
f) Inheritance taxes | |||
g) Other or expanded categories | |||
a) Charitable contributions | |||
b) Child tax credit | |||
c) Earned income tax credit | |||
d) Medical expense deduction | |||
e) Mortgage deduction | |||
f) Student loan credit | |||
g) Other or expanded categories |
No | 4) Do you support the permanent repeal of the federal estate tax? | ||
No | 5) Do you support making President Bush's tax cuts permanent? | ||
7) Other or expanded principles | |||
Eliminate tax cuts for the rich + corporations, offshore schemes that evade corporate taxes and horribly mistaken wars such as Iraq. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding campaign finance and government reform.
X | a) Support public taxpayer funding for federal candidates who comply with campaign spending limits. | ||
b) Increase the amount individuals are permitted to contribute to federal campaigns. | |||
X | c) Prohibit Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions to candidates for federal office. | ||
d) Allow unregulated soft money campaign contributions to political parties or committees. | |||
e) Remove all contribution limits on federal campaigns and parties. | |||
f) Require Section 527 organizations to register with the Federal Election Commission as Political Action Committees. | |||
Yes | g) Do you support instant run-off voting? | ||
No | h) Should Election Day be a national holiday? | ||
No | i) Do you support a constitutional amendment that would define marriage as a union between a man and woman? | ||
"A paper trail" should be required for each + every vote--absentee voting should be expanded and encouraged--explanations on voting for "write-in" candidates and their names should be posted at polls. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding crime.
a) Support the use of the death penalty for federal crimes. | |||
b) Eliminate the use of the death penalty for federal crimes. | |||
X | c) Support programs to provide prison inmates with educational, vocational and job-related skills and job-placement assistance when released. | ||
X | d) Support programs to provide prison inmates with drug and alcohol addiction treatment. | ||
X | e) Reduce prison sentences for those who commit non-violent crimes. | ||
f) Require that crimes based on gender, sexual orientation, and disability be prosecuted as federal hate crimes. | |||
X | g) Impose stricter penalties for those convicted of corporate crimes. | ||
h) Minors accused of a violent crime should be prosecuted as adults. | |||
New statutes must be written at the federal level that would criminalize actions taken by public officials who knowingly ignore valid scientific evidence and through their actions OR inaction allow grievous environmental harm. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding drugs.
a) Support mandatory jail sentences for selling illegal drugs. | |||
X | b) Expand federally sponsored drug education and drug treatment programs. | ||
c) Decriminalize the possession of small amounts of marijuana. | |||
X | d) Allow doctors to recommend marijuana to their patients for medicinal purposes. | ||
X | e) Increase border security to stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States. | ||
f) Eliminate federal funding for programs associated with the "war on drugs." | |||
g) Support a federal law to standardize testing and penalties for steroid use in professional sports. | |||
Congress, along w/experts in related fields, should study, without any pre-existing "mindset," programs abroad that decriminalize possesion of some "soft" drugs and dispense, in a controlled setting, hard drugs to addicts. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding education.
a) Support national standards for and testing of public school students. | |||
b) Allow parents to use vouchers, (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any public school. | |||
c) Allow parents to use vouchers, (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any private or religious school. | |||
X | d) Allow teachers and professionals to receive authorization and funding to establish charter schools. | ||
X | e) Reward teachers with merit pay for working in low-income schools. | ||
X | f) Increase funding for school capital improvements (e.g. buildings, infrastructure, technology). | ||
X | g) Support affirmative action in public college admissions. | ||
X | h) Increase funding of programs such as Pell grants and Stafford loans to help students pay for college. | ||
X | i) Support federal tax incentives to help families save for college. | ||
Put a stop to "make or break" state and federal testing that is increasingly forcing schools to eliminate, year by year, incrementally, portions of their well-balanced broad curriculums. |
1) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding employment.2) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding affirmative action.
X | a) Increase funding for national job-training programs that re-train displaced workers or teach skills needed in today's job market. | ||
b) Reduce government regulation of the private sector in order to encourage investment and economic expansion. | |||
X | c) Provide tax credits or grants to businesses that offer child care services to employees. | ||
X | d) Encourage employers to offer flex-time scheduling, comp-time, and unpaid leave for family emergencies. | ||
e) Eliminate all federal programs designed to reduce unemployment. | |||
X | f) Increase the federal minimum wage. | ||
X | g) Support the right of workers to strike without fear of being permanently replaced. | ||
X | h) Include sexual orientation in federal anti-discrimination laws. | ||
X | a) The federal government should consider race and gender in government contracting decisions. | ||
b) The federal government should discontinue affirmative action programs. | |||
X | c) The federal government should continue affirmative action programs. | ||
If the federal government refuses to hire a service-connected veteran, (unemployable) he/she should get 100% VA disability | |||
These programs should equally include disabled veterans. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding the environment and energy.
X | a) Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Water Act. | ||
X | b) Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Air Act. | ||
X | c) Support Clear Skies Act to reduce power plant emissions by setting a national cap on pollutants. | ||
d) Require states to compensate citizens when environmental regulations limit uses of privately-owned land. | |||
e) Relax logging restrictions on federal lands. | |||
f) Relax standards on federal lands to allow increased recreational usage. | |||
g) Support increased development of traditional energy resources (e.g. coal, natural gas, oil). | |||
X | h) Strengthen emission controls and fuel efficiency standards on all gasoline and diesel-powered engines, including cars, trucks, and sport utility vehicles. | ||
i) Support opening a portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for oil exploration. | |||
X | j) Encourage further development and use of alternative fuels to reduce pollution. | ||
k) Support the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel. | |||
l) Allow energy producers to trade pollution credits. | |||
X | m) Support the Kyoto Protocol to limit global warming. | ||
Given the possible/probable futures resulting from Global warming, immediate reductions in Greenhouse Gas emissions are needed and carbon sequestration should be explored. Saving the earth for future generations isn't "radical." |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding guns.
a) Reauthorize the ban on the sale or transfer of semi-automatic guns, except those used for hunting. | |||
X | b) Maintain and strengthen the current level of enforcement of existing federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns. | ||
c) Ease federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns. | |||
d) Repeal federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns. | |||
X | e) Allow citizens to carry concealed guns. | ||
f) Require background checks on gun sales between private citizens at gun shows. | |||
g) Require a license for gun possession. | |||
question "E" above is already the case, with a state permit and required training class, in Florida and some other states. to my knowledge, there's been no reported increase in gun related incidents related to what is now years of concealed permits. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding health care.
a) Providing health care is not a responsibility of the federal government. | |||
X | b) Implement a universal health care program to guarantee coverage to all Americans regardless of income. | ||
c) Expand eligibility for tax-free medical savings accounts. | |||
d) Establish limits on the amount of punitive damages awarded in medical malpractice lawsuits. | |||
e) Support expanding prescription drug coverage under Medicare. | |||
f) Offer tax credits to individuals and small businesses to offset the cost of insurance coverage. | |||
X | g) Support automatic enrollment of children in federal health care programs such as CHIP and Medicaid. | ||
h) Support stem cell research on existing lines of stem cells. | |||
X | i) Allow laboratories to create new lines of stem cells for additional research. | ||
j) Other or expanded principles |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding immigration.
a) Decrease the number of legal immigrants allowed into the country. | |||
b) Establish English as the official national language. | |||
c) Support a temporary worker program that would enable illegal immigrants to work in the United States legally. | |||
d) Relax restrictions barring legal immigrants from using government funded social programs (e.g. public housing, food stamps). | |||
e) Support amnesty for illegal immigrants already working in the United States. | |||
In office I would introduce legislation that would require that the nations whose illegals can now purchase property, engage in business and enjoy our level of civil rights must reciprocate and offer our citizens the same civil and economic rights. |
International AidIndicate which principles you support (if any) regarding United States economic assistance.
X | a) Aid should be granted to countries when extraordinary circumstances cause disaster and threaten civilian lives. | ||
X | b) Aid should be granted to countries when it is in the security interests of the United States. | ||
c) Aid should be eliminated for any nation with documented human rights abuses. | |||
d) International Aid programs should be scaled back and eventually eliminated. | |||
Regarding "c above--withholding aid that can be used to further brutalize & suppress (weapons) yes...but withholding and blockading trade goods and medicines from, for example, Cuba is wrong and produces only misery and ill will. |
International Policy1) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding the Middle East.2) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding Central and East Asia.3) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding the United Nations.
Yes | a) Should the United States continue to provide leadership in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process? | ||
Undecided | b) Should the United States support the creation of a Palestinian state? | ||
Yes | c) Should the United States withdraw its troops from Iraq? | ||
No | d) Should the United States send more troops to Iraq? | ||
Yes | a) Should the United States use diplomatic and economic pressure to encourage North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons program? | ||
Undecided | b) Should the United States use military force to dismantle the North Korean nuclear weapons program? | ||
Undecided | c) Should the United States remove the North Korean government from power? | ||
Yes | d) Should the United States increase financial support to Afghanistan? | ||
No | e) Should the United States increase military support to Afghanistan? | ||
f) Other or expanded principles | |||
Yes | a) Should the United States maintain its financial support of the United Nations? | ||
No | b) Should the United States decrease its financial support of the United Nations? | ||
Yes | c) Should the United States commit troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions? | ||
d) Other or expanded principles | |||
Yes | 4) Should the United States lift the travel ban to Cuba? | ||
No | 5) Should the United States increase its financial support to Colombia to combat "the war on drugs?" | ||
Yes | 6) Should aid to African nations for AIDS prevention programs fund distribution of contraceptives? | ||
No | 7) Should aid to African nations for AIDS prevention programs fund abstinence education? | ||
8) Other or expanded principles | |||
We must replace infrastructure destroyed by our invasion of Iraq. | |||
Saddam Hussein used brutal suppression to prevent moslem sectarian violence. Partitioning of Iraq into Shiite, Sunni and Kurdish nations may be the only way to head off sectarian civil war. |
International TradeIndicate which principles you support (if any) regarding international trade.
No | 1) Do you support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? | ||
No | 2) Do you support the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)? | ||
No | 3) Do you support the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)? | ||
Undecided | 4) Do you support continued U.S. membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)? | ||
Yes | 5) Should a nation's human rights record affect its normal trade relations (most favored nation) status with the United States? | ||
No | 6) Do you support the trade embargo against Cuba? | ||
Yes | 7) Should trade agreements include provisions to address environmental concerns and to protect workers' rights? | ||
No trade agreement should give corporations more rights than citizens and no trade agreement should neutralize our human and civil rights or environmental laws and regulations. |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding national security.
No | a) Do you support using military tribunals to try suspected terrorists when ordinary civilian courts are deemed inappropriate or impractical? | ||
No | b) Should the United States grant law enforcement agencies greater discretion to read mail and email, tap phones, and conduct random searches to prevent future terrorist attacks? | ||
Yes | c) Should the United States hold foreign states accountable for terrorists who operate in their country? | ||
Yes | d) Should the federal government increase funding to states and cities for homeland security? | ||
Yes | e) Do you support the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment of prisoners in U.S. custody? | ||
Undecided | f) Do you support a policy of pre-emptive military strikes against countries deemed to be a threat to U.S. national security? | ||
Support for "f" above would be case-by-case, in light of the Iraq war, which was clearly begun on contrived and manufactured "evidence." |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding Social Security.
a) Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts which they manage themselves. | |||
b) Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts managed by private firms contracted by the government. | |||
c) Invest a portion of Social Security assets collectively in stocks and bonds instead of United States Treasury securities. | |||
X | d) Increase the payroll tax to better finance Social Security in its current form. | ||
e) Lower the annual cost-of-living increases. | |||
f) Raise the retirement age for individual eligibility to receive full Social Security benefits. | |||
g) Other of expanded principles |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding technology and communication.
X | a) Collect taxes on commercial Internet transactions. | ||
b) Continue the moratorium on Internet taxation. | |||
c) Implement government regulation of Internet content. | |||
d) Support government mandates to curtail violent and sexual content on television. | |||
X | e) Support strict penalties for Internet crimes (e.g. hacking, identity theft, worms/viruses). | ||
X | f) Support legislation to detail how personal information can be collected and used on the Internet. | ||
g) Regulating the Internet is not a responsibility of the federal government. | |||
(b) no |
Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding welfare and poverty.
a) Require welfare recipients to spend at least 40 hours a week in a combination of work and training programs. | |||
X | b) Increase funding for child care programs. | ||
X | c) Continue to give states and local governments flexibility in and responsibility for welfare programs through federal block grants. | ||
d) Direct federal poverty aid through religious, community-based, or other non-profit organizations. | |||
e) Abolish all federal welfare programs. | |||
X | f) Support housing assistance for welfare recipients. | ||
g) Other or expanded principles |
1. Today's patchwork of insurance doesn't work. My first riority will be to introduce legislation to assist Gulf and Atlantic states in forming not-for-profit, cooperative, policyholder-owned insurance associations for the above-mentioned risk areas. Wider coverage may later follow. 2. I intend to call for the normalization of relations with Cuba. 3. Consider Mexicans here ILLEGALLY can purchase property, engage in business, receive bill-of-rights protections, free medical care...while most U.S. citizens don't receive free medical care. Mexico must extend these civil/economic rights to US Citizens first. I would then consider legislation easing current regulations on work status. |
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